History

• Maternal use of antenatal steroids
• Gestational age, birth weight, APGAR score
• Initial resuscitative efforts, need for intubation, use of surfactant, duration in intubation, type of ventilation, duration of supplemental oxygen therapy, and other factors: These may have influenced the type and degree of lung injury.
• Familial history of asthma, atopy, or other children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
• Social support structure
• Any potentially exacerbating factors, such as exposure to smoking

• Review of systems, including careful assessment of work of breathing both at rest and during activity
• Feeding and sleeping history, and a review of growth charts
• Vitals including respiratory rate and pulse oximetry both at rest and with activity
• Signs of pulmonary hypertension, including peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, and venous distention