Patient Monitoring

• Close monitoring of vital signs if actively bleeding
• Endoscopic variceal ligation, repeated every 1–4 weeks until varices eradicated
• All patients with cirrhosis should undergo endoscopy to document the presence of varices and risk of hemorrhage (1)[B].
• If transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunt or other portacaval shunt, repeat endoscopy only if clinically bleeding
• If transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunt present, follow-up as recommended by radiologist; usually Doppler sonogram each 6 months